Biography:

Dr. Mònica Mir graduated in chemistry in 1998, and in 2006, she obtained her doctorate in biotechnology. She carried out a postdoctoral at Max Planck Institute. In 2008, she joined the Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia as a senior researcher while teaching as an Associate Professor at the University of Barcelona.

Abstract:

                                                                                (Presenter Local Time: 1:15 PM to 1:45 PM)

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) represent a major threat to the health of the population. Unfortunately, drugs intended to target the central nervous system (CNS) have much higher failure rates than non-CNS drugs. The main reason is the brain protection by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), one of the most extents and restrictive barriers in the body. In recent years, several promising therapies for NDDs were developed. However, in vivo, assays are expensive, time-consuming, and ethically questionable, and species-to-species variations in the expression profiles could lead to the inadequate reproduction of the human pathophysiology, which hinders the progression of these new alternatives. Hence, it became necessary to look for inexpensive and animal-free alternatives. Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) is an emerging alternative due to its versatile design and lower cost, that can use cells from human sources, to mimic in vivo physiological and pathological conditions. Recently, several devices have been developed to mimic biological barriers in the brain for the study of drug permeability. In addition, detection platforms such as electrodes can be included in OoC to monitor features as the proper development of the BBB. In this work, we present the development of a BBB-oC model with monitoring integrated into a co-culture of human endothelial cells in close interaction with human astrocytes and pericytes cells. The BBB-oC cells were characterized by optical images and live/dead assays. The proper BBB development also was evaluated by immunofluorescence of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and cadherins) and with sensors. Finally, BBB performance was assayed with nanoparticles functionalized with peptides for amyloid disaggregation

Biography:

Professor Paulo César De Morais, Ph.D., was full Professor of Physics at the University of Brasilia (UnB) – Brazil up to 2013, Appointed as: UnB’s Emeritus Professor (2014); Visiting Professor at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) – China (2012-2015); Distinguished Professor at the Anhui University (AHU) – China (2016-2019); Full Professor at Catholic University of Brasília (CUB) – Brazil (2018); CNPq-1A Research Fellow since 2010; 2007 Master Research Prize from UnB. He held a two-year (1987-1988) post-doc position with Bell Communications Research, New Jersey – USA, and received his Doctoral degree in Solid State Physics (1986) from the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) – Brazil. With more than 12,000 citations, he has published about 500 papers (Web of Science) and more than 15 patents.

Abstract:

                                                                 (Presenter Local Time: 10:25 AM to 10:55 AM)

This talk will address the heterogeneous solid tumor tissue organization and examine how this condition can interfere with the passive delivery of nano cargo in breast cancer preclinical models. In vivo, image techniques were used to follow the nano cargo biodistribution. It will be assumed that the tumor vascular organization depends upon the subtumoral localization and this heterogeneous organization promotes a nanocargo biodistribution preference toward the highly vascular peripherical region, in contrast to the inhibited vascular architecture in the tumor core region. Using imaging techniques, the assessed nano cargo biodistribution is successfully described under a comprehensive mathematical model. The proposed mathematical model was used to describe the differential biodistribution for two different breast cancer models. The mathematical approach herein described can be easily extended to describe different types of solid tumors in animal models.

Biography:

Prof. RamaGopal V Sarepaka is a President at R&D Ops & DTM, IR Optics (Optics & Allied Engg.Pvt.Ltd., Bengaluru, India). He served as a Professor and Chief Scientist at Academy of Scientific & Industrial Research (AcSIR - Govt.of India) and CSIR-CSIO, Chandigarh, India (Federally Funded R&D Lab - Govt.of India) respectively.
Publications: DTM, Precision Optics (145 Publications)
Text Book: DTM-Theory & Practice (2017) CRC Press; Co-Author
Mentoring: 10 Doctoral Scholars, 78 Master Students.

Abstract:

                                                                (Presenter Local Time: 2:20 PM to 2:50 PM)

Advanced Optical Instrumentation offers great advantages in multiple application domains to meet the desired near-theoretical performances in terms of sharp focus, high resolution, magnification etc while providing compact & lightweight optics with smaller foot-print. However, these performance specifications and system criteria come with incumbent challenges of optical design, surface fabrication and system assembly. These challenges compel designers to explore novel optical surfaces to design & perform, system developers to extend their fabrication skills to deploy out-of-box approaches to generate the desired optical profiles within permitted tolerances.

 Traditional optical systems primarily use plane and spherical profiles to meet transfer of photonic energy from the object space into image space effectively. In optimally designed optical systems, this energy transfer is limited only by the diffractive limits of the optical profiles deployed. But with the advent of systems delivering near-theoretical performances coupled with budgeted physical features (viz: volume, weight, foot-print), the system developers have turned their attention towards deployment of non-spherical optical profiles and thereby started reaping the benefits of enhanced performance.  

 Use of Non-Spherical Optical profiles in optical systems has a historic perspective. However, in earlier times, generation of the non-spherical profile (Schmidt plate etc) was purely (optician) skill based. But with the development of advanced surface generators coupled with state-of-art surface characterization equipment, generation of non-spherical surfaces has become a process-based and protocol-controlled exercise with necessary degree of determinism.

In this discussion, a detailed case study of Development of a Novel Optical System, using Super Gaussian (non-spherical) optical profiles for use in High-Power CO₂ Laser applications is presented. This discussion also includes the fabrication-metrology aspects of the Super Gaussian Optical Surfaces by using Oxygen-free High-Conducting copper mirrors.

Biography:

Salah Obayya, Fellow of IEEE, OPTICA, APS, IOP, and many other international learnt societies. He has gained an international distinctive reputation in the Development and Application of Computational Models for the Analysis, Design and Optimization of a wide range of Micro- and Nano-Photonic devices that have may application in Photovoltaic Solar Cells, ultra-high precision sensors, Optical Communication System, and Healthcare Systems, etc…

He has published 317 journal papers and 276 conference papers cited 5717 times, and h-index= 39.

He has supervised more than 120 postgraduate students, and his research team has been generously supported by external funding from industry as well as research councils in the UK and Egypt.

Abstract:

                                                                  (Presenter Local Time: 1:45 PM to 2:15 PM)

The last few decades have witnessed significant advanced in the fabrication of technology of micro and nano-photonic devices. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to have trustworthy computational modelling techniques for the analysis, design and optimization of these devices. In this regard, this talk will introduce an overview of the existing computational modeling tools for analyzing photonic devices, in general, and highlighting their salient features and shortcomings. It is well known that “plasmonics” plays a vital role now in localising the optical field beyond the diffraction limit and hence in integrated optics. Therefore, the talk will focus on plasmonics modeling issues and the failure of the classical electromagnetic solvers to accurately characterize the nano-plasmonic devices. Therefore, new accurate and stable beam propagation method will be introduced for analyzing plasmonics in the classical regime. The rigor of this approach is mainly because of relying on the finite elements method and the twice faster Blocked Schur algorithm which can exactly represent all the wide spectrum of radiation, evanescent, and surface modes produced by the strong discontinuity between metal and its surroundings. Moreover, in merging quantum plasmonic devices, it becomes essential to introduce “Quantum Corrected Model (QCM)” in order to accurately model these devices, and the basics of QCM will be also discussed

Biography:

Malathy Batumalay is currently attached to INTI International University, Malaysia as an Associate Professor. She holds a PhD in Photonics Engineering from University Malaya, Malaysia. Her research work focuses on lasers, fiber optics, and fiber sensors. In her previous research, she transformed fiber optic into sensors that is able to detect changes in relative humidity and chemical solution. In order to further investigate the behavior and characteristics of fiber optics sensors and plasmonic sensors, she collaborates with University Malaya, University Teknikal Malaysia Melaka and Airlangga University, Indonesia. To date, she has successfully published high quality journal on the related field. 

Abstract:

                                                                       (Presenter Local Time: 4:00 PM to 4:30 PM)

Optical fibers are used most often as a means to transmit light between transmitter and the receiver. A fiber optic sensor is a sensor that uses optical fiber either as the sensing element or as a means of relaying signals from a remote sensor to the electronics that process the signals. Optical fibers can be used as sensors to measure strain, temperature, pressure and other quantities. This is done  by modifying a fiber so that the quantity to be measured modulates the intensity, phase, polarization, wavelength or transit time of light in the fiber.

Here, she will talk about creating fiber optic sensors to track environmental changes. Additionally, she will discuss the recent progress in fiber optics and with a brief idea to relate with future trends demand. 

Biography:

Dr Vandita Kakkar is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, and has a research experience of more than 11 years. Her area of research lies in the bioavailability enhancement of phytopharmaceuticals using nanoparticle technology via oral and topical routes; Scaling up of the nanoparticle production from lab scale to pilot stage; Combating antimicrobial resistance & developing targeted delivery systems for cancer treatment. She has to her credit >45 international/national research papers and review articles with h-index 19 and 2573 citations; 12 book chapters in international books; 32 magazine articles in ingredient south Asia and PharmaBiz and 5 national patent applications. She has been awarded around 10 million Research grants from UGC, Panjab University, BIRAC, DST, ICMR and Commonwealth Commission (UK). She has transferred the technology to Hi-Tech formulation and is consulting a project of Cedrous Bio-product. She has industrial experience of 2 years. She has to her credit several awards and accreditations.

Abstract:

                                                             (Presenter Local Time: 6:05 PM to 6:25 PM)

Preclinical safety and proof of concept studies for a topical ointment comprising concentrated tetrahydro curcumin-loaded lipidic nanoparticles (THC-LNs) and tacrolimus ointment (TTO) are proposed in the present investigation. The skin irritation potential and acute dermal toxicity were performed in rats in compliance with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines (402, 404, and 410) while the cytotoxic potential was performed in HaCaT cells. Finally, in vivo evaluation was performed in the Imiquimod mice model of psoriasis. In primary skin irritation assessment, TTO formulation, marketed formulation (Tacroz® Forte), THC-LNs, and blank LNs were topically applied on intact skin sites in rats while another group served as a negative control group for 72 h. TTO did not induce any adverse reactions. Repeated 28 days of dermal toxicity followed by biochemical and histopathological assessment showed negligible alternations and skin lesions. THC-LNs revealed negligible cytotoxic potential in HaCaT cells. In vivo pharmacodynamic study performed on mice using Imiquimod induced psoriasis model showed significantly high anti-psoriatic activity of TTO in comparison to marketed ointment. This was confirmed by evaluating the change in body weight, ear thickness and erythema, scaling, splenomegaly, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scoring, and histopathological investigation. Based on these findings, it can be ascertained that TTO showed minimal toxicity and has ample potential for further clinical analysis. Results represent an efficient and commercially viable alternative for psoriasis treatment with satisfactory potential. The combination of THC and tacrolimus had antioxidant effects and the findings for this study can be further explored extensively to determine the mechanism of synergism of THC-LNs and tacrolimus for psoriasis.

Biography:

F. J. Duarte is a laser physicist, quantum physicist, inventor, and author resident in the USA.  He is the author and editor of some 16 books, His solo titles include Tunable Laser Optics (2003, 2015), Quantum Optics for Engineers (2014), and Fundamentals of Quantum Entanglement (2019, 2022).  Duarte's contributions have been applied in numerous fields from astronomy... to the philosophy of quantum mechanics.  He is a Fellow of the Australian Institute of Physics (1987) and an Optica Fellow (1993).

Abstract:

                                                             (Presenter Local Time: 12:20 PM to 12:40 PM)

Albeit sources for quantum entanglement experiments are overwhelmingly known as sources of single photon pairs other emission alternatives are available.  The focus on single photon pairs most likely follows from Dirac's pair theory (1930) in which an electron-positron pair undergoes annihilation to produce two gamma ray photons propagating in opposite directions.   Dirac's pair theory was explained in workable terms by Wheeler (1946) who provided the first description of polarization entanglement of quanta propagating in opposite directions.  Indeed, that was the very description utilized by Pryce and Ward (1947) to configure the very first quantum entanglement experiment and to correctly calculate, via Dirac's notation, the correct quantum probability of polarization entanglement.  That experimental configuration was then applied by researchers such as Wu and Zhaknov (1950) to report on the first quantum entanglement polarizations measurements.  Optical versions of these experiments utilized Kr ion lasers and dye lasers to excite calcium transitions (Aspect et al, 1981).   However, since the late 1980s, parametric down conversion has largely dominated as sources of quanta pairs for entanglement experiments 

 A second look at laser sources: quantum mechanics allows for the emission of correlated ensembles of indistinguishable photons as described in the second edition of Fundamentals of Quantum Entanglement (2022).  In other words, one can have entanglement of ensembles of indistinguishable photons and not just the entanglement of photon pairs.  This allows for the development of highly coherent sources emitting ensembles of entangled indistinguishable photons in different directions as described by Duarte (2018).   Quantum randomness of the emission is achieved by the use of intracavity polarizers controlled by a binary quantum random number generator.  In this presentation the physics of the emission of correlated ensembles of indistinguishable photons is described, via Dirac's identities.   Also, the optical configuration of a workable prototype is discussed in detail.  The principal advantage of such coherent sources is vastly superior signal to noise levels.  

Biography:

Marcello R B. Andreeta earned his PhD in Materials Science and Engineering in 2001 from thePhysics Institute of São Carlos (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP - Brazil), after experimentalresearch collaboration with the University Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) and Stanford University(USA). His major field of research is the development of new strategies for the preparation ofmaterials and devices by laser-heated process with more than 70 research papers published inthe subject. His research interests include solid-state lasers, crystal growth, oxide glasses andsolid-state sensors. Currently, he is developing new glass and crystalline compounds for opticaland electric/electronic devices using the Laser-Heated Pedestal Growth and AerodynamicLevitation techniques at the Federal University of São Carlos (Materials Engineering Department- UFSCar/DEMa) in São Carlos, SP, Brazil

Abstract:

                                                      (Presenter Local Time: 12:40 PM to 1:00 PM)

Photonic heating is increasingly gaining importance in materials preparation due to the possibility to create high temperature gradients, high heating and coolingrates and localized heating, which is virtually impossible with conventionalresistive or inductive heating techniques. In materials engineering, laser-heatedtechniques have emerged due to the incessant search for energy efficiency andthe reduction of costs in the preparation of new and conventional compounds anddevices. Three main techniques that stand out for preparing compounds from themelt are the Laser-Heated Pedestal Growth (LHPG), the aerodynamic levitationand the surface heat treatment. The LHPG technique has been used to preparea wide variety of oxide compounds (poly or single crystal form), in a conventionaloptical fiber shape. Its main feature, the steep temperature gradients at the solidliquidinterface (103-104 K/cm), also creates the conditions to grow single crystalsfrom incongruently melting compounds, using stoichiometric sources. Theaerodynamic levitation technique is a very important tool for the field of oxideglass and glass-ceramics materials. This technique can be used to preparealmost any glass oxide composition due to its high cooling rates and sample sizes(in the order of 103 K/s and millimeter range, respectively). Since thesetechniques are crucibleless, there is also virtually no limit to reach the liquidustemperature, expanding the range for materials exploration, which is usuallydetermined by the crucible´s melting point. The last technique, surface heattreatment, besides its high heating and cooling rates, also enables a verylocalized heating, which is very interesting for glass and glass-ceramics materialsprocessing. In this work, it will be presented an overview of the three techniqueand a discussion based on the its thermodynamics and kinetic features. Opticaland structural characterizations of several oxide compounds produced fromthese techniques will be presented and discussed, including Bi12TiO20, LiNbO3,La0.56Li0.33TiO3 and Li2O-CaO-SiO2 glass system. Among the technologicalpossible applications, the ultra-high temperature thermometry, medical devicesand fuel cells will be discussed.

Biography:

Physicist, focused on experimental physics in the field of Optics, with emphasis on the field of polarizedlight. Currently, I am a master's student in applied mathematics, interested in the study of polarizationtransformations caused by birefringent media, in the formalisms of geometric algebras; of quaternionsand Pauli vectors. With knowledge of data science using Python.

Abstract:

                                                (Presenter Local Time: 10:20 AM to 10:40 AM)

Characterizing the transformation of polarization states as itpasses through materials offers the opportunity to control andmanipulate the polarization of light. Allowing the developmentof various applications. Where, these properties thatmodulate the polarization present a characteristic behavior onthe Poincaré sphere. As in the case of passing a polarized statein a birefringent medium, rotating said medium generates acharacteristic curve, and it varies depending on the eigenmodesand the phase delay of the birefringent medium. Beingthe case of a birefringent with rotating linear eigenmodes previouslygeometrically characterized as the curve generated bythe cut between a cone that intersects the Poincaré sphere, theangle of the cone being the birefringence of the material, thisis the law of birefringents with linear eigenmodes.
On the other hand, when several birefringent wave plates(Composite Waveplate) with linear eigenmodes are superimposed,it varies their eigenmodes. These CWs have been characterizedas birefringent with elliptic eigenmodes,however their characteristic behavior on the Poincaré sphere isunknown. Therefore, in this work, we presented a theoreticalexperimentalcharacterization of the state curve generated bypassing a polarized beam through a rotating wave biplate generatedby two QWPs.

Biography:

Dr. Agarwal is an Assistant Professor at School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi from 2020.  She has a Master’s of Science degree in Physics from A. P. S. University, and Ph.D. in Optical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. She got the Best Thesis Award in the field of Optical Instrumentation by Instrument Society of India (ISOI), Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore in 2018. She did her postdoctoral research from Singapore MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Singapore.

Her research interests include Bio-Medical Optics, Quantitative Microscopy, Optical Metrology, Talbot Interferometry, Digital Holography, Raman Spectroscopy and Optical instrumentation.

Abstract:

                                                             (Presenter Local Time: 2:50 PM to 3:10 PM)

We live in a world bathed in light. Light influences our lives today in new ways that we could never have imagined just a few decades ago. As we move into the next century, light will play an even more significant role, enabling a revolution in world fiber-optic communications, information technology, health care and the life science, national defence, manufacturing and much more. One of the most challenging concerns of the 21st century is ensuring food security for the world’s rapidly growing population.  Motivated by food insecurity arising from a growing global population and climate change, Precision Agriculture has been proposed as a strategy to increase agriculture productivity while enhancing sustainability. In recent years, there has been growing interest in Raman spectroscopy as a high-content phenotyping tool for Precision Agriculture [1-3]. Raman spectroscopy is one such photonic technique which is based on the inelastic scattering of light. It measures the molecular vibrations in a compound and its Raman spectrum can act as a fingerprint. This technique has high specificity. One of the main advantages of Raman spectroscopy is that a single spectrum can reveal information about multiple analytes. Concomitantly, Raman spectroscopy has been currently established to noninvasively determine the physiological status of a plant and hence Raman spectroscopy can offer widespread food safety assessment in a non-destructive, ease-to-operate, sensitive, and rapid manner [3-4]. In this talk we will discuss the design and development of a portable Raman sensor for food security.

Biography:

                                                            (Presenter Local Time: 12:25 PM to 12:45 PM)

Giovanni Magno received his Ph.D. from the Polytechnic University of Bari in 2015. From 2015 to 2020, he was a researcher at C2N-CNRS in Palaiseau, where he worked on the design and characterization of integrated dielectric and plasmonic devices for tweezing, sensing and optical interconnection. He also worked on the design of optical devices based on mesoscopic self-collimation in photonic crystals with interlocking periodicities, and on the development of a time-domain opto-thermal simulator for the analysis of laser-matter interaction in additive manufacturing processes. Since December 2020, he has been a research fellow at the Department of Electrical and Information Engineering of the Polytechnic University of Bari, where he works on the design and characterization of optical and microwave devices, with a focus on optical metasurfaces for augmented reality applications and reconfigurable reflective intelligent surfaces with graphene. 

Abstract:

The average age of the world's population is rising steadily and linearly, which suggests that the elderly population is growing.  As a result, societies are facing new challenges in providing adequate support and resources for the growing elderly population.  People's physical, cognitive, and functional abilities naturally deteriorate as they age. This can present several obstacles in terms of preserving autonomy, mobility, and safety, as well as exposing people to an increased risk of disability and social isolation. Wearable augmented reality (AR) devices can be beneficial, particularly for people with mild to severe cognitive impairments. AR devices can superimpose digital information on real-world environments, providing users with visual signals and warnings. This can aid with tasks like remembering medication dosages, following instructions, and navigating unfamiliar situations. AR technology can also be utilized to provide social support and companionship to isolated older adults. People suffering from cognitive impairment can enormously benefit from clear and efficient visual information delivery. Word-finding, communication, and decision-making can all be improved by providing people with cognitive difficulties with visual-textual stimuli. In this context, we present a transparent metasurface leveraging multiple guided-mode resonances in the visible spectrum domain to selectively reflect two or more colors at the same time.  A 1D grating made of SiN ridges is stacked on top of a silicon nitride (SiN) film on a silicon dioxide (SiO2) substrate to create this metasurface. Bichromatic (green and red) and polychromatic selective reflection can be achieved using this metasurface. These findings pave the way for the development of new augmented reality (AR) devices that can improve the quality of life for those who suffer from cognitive impairment and memory loss.

Biography:

Payal Bhattacharya was born in the city of Kolkata (erstwhile Calcutta), India andattended the University of Calcutta to receive a BS degree in Physics in 2014. Thereafter, she attendedBanaras Hindu University and successfully graduated with a MS in Condensed Matter Physics in 2016.She worked as a research assistant at the Indian Institute of Cultivation of Science for a yearbeforejoining the University of Missouri – Columbia as graduate student in the Fall of 2017. In the Springof 2018, she joined Dr. Suchi Guha’s lab as a PhD candidate and specialized in nonlinear opticalstudiesusing ultrafast laser sources. Upon receiving her PhD, she has joined MKS Instruments as a SeniorOptical Thin Film Engineer and Laser Metrologist.

Abstract:

                                                           (Presenter Local Time: 11:00 AM to 11:20 AM)

Transient electric field-induced second harmonic generation (EFISHG) method, based on the third-ordersusceptibility, allows direct and selective probing of dynamic carrier motion in the active channel regionof a field-effect transistor (FET). This technique provides a powerful tool for visualizing the carriertransport and predicting the carrier mobilities, free from contact resistance issues and device geometricalfactors. We have developed a nonlinear microscopic imaging system using a tunable femtosecond laserand a pulse compensation arrangement, which compensates for any group velocity dispersion of thepulses in the imaging system. We apply the EFISHG technique to pentacene and other polymer-basedFETs. By varying the time delay between the laser and the voltage pulse, the carrier motion across the FETchannel is observed from which the carrier mobilities are deduced.

Biography:

Chunsheng Yan attained his Bachelor's and Master's degrees in optoelectronics from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) in 1994 and 1999, respectively. He completed his PhD in Physical Electronics from the Department of Electronic Engineering at Tsinghua University, China, in 2003. From 2003 to 2005, he served as a postdoctoral researcher at Tsinghua University, and during 2006-2007, he worked as a visiting scholar at the Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden. From 2005 to 2018, Chunsheng Yan held the position of an associate professor at the College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University. Since 2019, he has been stationed at the Zhejiang University library, focusing on research related to paper cultural relics through spectroscopy. His primary area of interest lies in spectroscopy and spectrometry. He has authored over 10 papers in SCI-indexed journals, where he has served as both the first author and corresponding author.

Abstract:

                           (Presenter Local Time: 4:30 PM to 4:50 PM)

Chinese handmade paper holds significant historical and cultural importance as a primary medium for traditional Chinese ancient books, calligraphy and paintings. The need for accurate classification and identification of Chinese handmade paper is paramount. In this presentation, we leverage the synergy of Raman spectroscopy and machine learning to address this challenge. We employed six distinct machine learning models, including principal component analysis (PCA) combined with linear regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM) combined with LR, k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), random forest (RF), and convolutional neutral network (CNN). A notable highlight of our approach is the development an innovative data preprocessing method, the 2-Dimensional asynchronous correlation method (2D-ACM), based on tensor product and Hilbert transform. When we applied this technique to our models, particularly KNN and RF, R-squared values approached or equaled 1, demonstrating exceptional performance akin to unsupervised models like PCA. Importantly, the 2D-ACM is a versatile mathematical tool adaptable to various data types, significantly enhancing the equivalent frequency points, spectral resolution, and the number of samples. These enhancements result in remarkable improvements in machine learning outcomes. Therefore, we envision its broad utility in the classification and identification of diverse materials.